Professor Antoni K. Oppenheim was more than a scientist—he was a visionary who reshaped the field of combustion engineering.
While others accepted the limitations of the 19th-century technology, the Otto cycle engine, Oppenheim saw its flaws such as::
- Hot flame fronts, which slowly move through the combustion chamber and are the source of harmful NOx emissions, and (image 2)
- Quenching layers: The cold surfaces inside the combustion chamber where unburned hydrocarbons and CO form. (image 3)